Colorectal Cancer: Early Detection Can Save Lives

Colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that starts in the colon or rectum. It is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that it is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Early detection can save lives. Therefore, knowing the signs and risk factors is important. This overview explains colorectal cancer, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention tips.

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer begins in the large intestine, which includes the colon and rectum. The colon helps absorb water and nutrients from food. The rectum stores waste before it leaves the body. Sometimes, cells in these areas grow out of control. When this happens, a tumor may form. Over time, these tumors can spread to other parts of the body. Because of this, early detection is key. According to the CDC, regular screening can help find colorectal cancer early.

Common Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer

Many people with early colorectal cancer do not notice symptoms. However, as the disease grows, signs may appear. It is important to watch for these changes. If you notice any of the following symptoms, talk to your doctor:

Blood in your stool or rectal bleeding

Changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhea or constipation

Feeling that your bowel does not empty fully

Unexplained weight loss

Ongoing stomach pain, cramps, or bloating

Weakness or fatigue

Sometimes, these symptoms can be caused by other conditions. Still, it is best to get checked if they last more than a few weeks.

Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause of colorectal cancer is not always clear, several risk factors can increase your chances. Some you can control, while others you cannot. For example, age is a major factor. Most cases occur in people over 50. Family history also plays a role. If a close relative had colorectal cancer, your risk is higher. Other risk factors include:

Eating a diet high in red or processed meats

Low intake of fruits, vegetables, and fiber

Lack of physical activity

Being overweight or obese

Smoking or heavy alcohol use

Having certain conditions, like inflammatory bowel disease

Because some risks can be changed, healthy habits may help lower your chances.

How Colorectal Cancer is Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find colorectal cancer. Early diagnosis often leads to better outcomes. Screening is recommended for adults starting at age 45, or earlier if you have risk factors. Common tests include:

Colonoscopy: A doctor looks inside your colon with a thin, flexible tube.

Stool tests: These check for blood or abnormal DNA in your stool.

CT colonography: This is a special scan that creates images of your colon.

If a test finds something unusual, your doctor may take a small tissue sample, called a biopsy. This helps confirm if cancer is present.

Treatment Options

Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage and location of the tumor. Your doctor will discuss the best plan for you. Common treatments include:

Surgery: Removing the cancerous part of the colon or rectum

Chemotherapy: Using drugs to kill cancer cells

Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to target cancer

Targeted therapy: Medicines that attack specific cancer cells

Sometimes, a combination of treatments is used. Early-stage cancers often have more treatment options and better results.

Prevention and Lifestyle Tips

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk by making healthy choices. For example, you can:

Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains

Limit red and processed meats

Stay active and exercise regularly

Maintain a healthy weight

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Get regular screening tests as recommended

In some areas, local health programs offer free or low-cost screening. Check with your local clinic or hospital for options near you.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice any symptoms of colorectal cancer, do not wait. Early action can make a big difference. Also, if you have a family history or other risk factors, ask your doctor about screening. Even if you feel healthy, regular check-ups are important. Your doctor can help you decide when to start screening and how often to repeat it.

In summary, knowing the signs and risks of colorectal cancer can help you stay healthy. Early detection and healthy habits are key. Consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on colorectal cancer.